As with any eccentric training program, careful progression of training volume and intensity in the post ACL reconstruction patient is a necessity and should be performed under the direction of a licensed physical therapist as too much eccentric quadriceps strength could increase the chances of anterior tibial translation if not accompanied by sufficient hamstring strength.
Therefore, a comprehensive approach, including both concentric and eccentric training to both the anterior and posterior chains surrounding the knee joint should be considered. Eccentric exercise has the ability to be an effective means to manage many common orthopedic conditions such as tendinopathies, post-op recovery, and muscle strain prevention. Eccentric exercise, or when the muscle is lengthened and an external force exceeds the force produced by the muscle, has been shown to be more effective than traditional concentric strengthening at minimizing muscle atrophy and improving muscle force production.
It results in less oxygen consumption, greater force production, and less energy expenditure and should be incorporated into both a preventative strength training program, as well as, an effective post-op rehabilitation protocol. To learn more about our eccentric strengthening program and to schedule a consultation call or click here. You must be logged in to post a comment. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.
Journal List Front Physiol v. Front Physiol. Published online May 3. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer.
This article was submitted to Striated Muscle Physiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology. Received Dec 10; Accepted Apr The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.
No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Eccentric contractions, characterized by the lengthening of the muscle-tendon complex, present several unique features compared with other types of contractions, which may lead to unique adaptations.
Keywords: skeletal muscle, eccentric contraction, exercise-induced muscle damage EIMD , delayed-onset muscle soreness DOMS , eccentric muscle training. Introduction An eccentric lengthening muscle contraction occurs when a force applied to the muscle exceeds the momentary force produced by the muscle itself, resulting in the forced lengthening of the muscle-tendon system while contracting Lindstedt et al. Unaccustomed Eccentric Exercise Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage It is generally accepted that the damage process is initiated due to a lack of homogeneity in sarcomeres stretching asymmetric lengthening.
Open in a separate window. Inflammatory and Immune Responses to Eccentric Exercise While the development of an inflammatory reaction after eccentric exercise has been debated Yu et al. Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Delayed-onset muscle soreness DOMS refers to unpleasant, dull, aching pain, usually felt during palpation, contraction or stretching of the affected muscle. Eccentric Training-Induced Adaptations Molecular Aspects The distinct features of the eccentric contraction compared to other contraction modes are the source of specific training adaptations.
Specific Muscle Adaptations to Chronic Eccentric Exercise Because the eccentric contraction differs from other contraction types notably in terms of force generation, maximum force produced and energy cost, it could provide different stimuli leading to distinct muscular and functional adaptations Figure 2 Franchi et al.
Multiple Applications of Eccentric Training Eccentric training has sparked a growing interest over the last decade, particularly in light of the emerging health-related benefits of improved muscle mass. Competitive Sports While few studies have been devoted to the effects of eccentric training in elite athletes compared to untrained subjects, the systematic inclusion of eccentric-based protocols into training programs is recommended for most competitive sports for performance enhancement or injury prevention purposes Isner-Horobeti et al.
Rehabilitation Over the last 20 years, eccentric muscle actions have been frequently integrated in the treatment of several pathologies of the locomotor system Croisier et al. Sarcopenia Given the ever-increasing aging population, the development of strategies to improve the quality of life of the elderly has become a major concern. Chronic Diseases Musculoskeletal dysfunction is relatively common in patients with chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure or stroke Hyldahl and Hubal, Practical Considerations Eccentric actions can be integrated in different types of muscle training.
Conclusion The study of eccentric contraction is no longer confined to muscle physiology and sport sciences but is becoming central in clinical medicine and is likely to expand in the near future. Future Perspectives Although the eccentric contraction has received more attention over the last decade, many questions remain unanswered with regard to both the initial damaging response to unaccustomed eccentric contraction and the subsequent adaptations. Author Contributions SH wrote the manuscript.
Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Footnotes Funding. References Abbott B. The physiological cost of negative work. Mechanisms of exercise-induced delayed onset muscular soreness: a brief review.
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The influence of anti-inflammatory medication on exercise-induced myogenic precursor cell responses in humans. Studies Show from the Strength and Conditioning Foundation that slowing down the eccentric phase of your lifts can significantly increase your resting metabolic rate RMR —the number of calories you burn at rest binge-watching and this can occur up to 72 Hours! Studies also show that, those who performed eccentric hamstring exercises improved their flexibility twice as well as those who stuck with static bend-and-hold stretching.
The trick is to move through your entire range of motion as you perform the eccentric phase of your exercise. Over time, that range of motion will get bigger and bigger. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare providers before starting any new treatment or discontinuing an existing treatment. Talk with your healthcare provider about any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Reliance on any information provided by The Basketball Doctors is solely at your own risk. What Are Eccentric Exercises? Why Are Eccentric Exercises Important? Facilitates Muscle Change. Improving Tendon Stiffness The reason we want stiffness is that it allows your tendon to withstand high loads. Better Range of Motion. Potential Cons. Eccentric Exercises:. Purpose: Eccentrically load the adductors and the tendon.
Hamstring Walkout. Purpose: Eccentrically load the hamstrings by walking out your legs one step at a time. Eccentric Forward Lunge. Purpose: Eccentrically load the patellar tendon and the quadriceps. Effect of eccentric training on the plantar flexor muscle-tendon tissue properties Malliaras et al. About the Authors.
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