Responding to unpopular newspaper reports of the horrendous situation in the English war camp hospitals, Secretary of War Sidney Herbert, a personal friend of Nightingale, consented to let her organize and manage a group of female nurses to go to Turkey. On November 4, , Nightingale and 38 nurses arrived in Scutari, the location of the British camp outside Constantinople.
The doctors originally did not welcome the incoming female nurses, but as the number of patients escalated, their help was needed in the overcrowded, undersupplied, and unsanitary hospital 4.
Nightingale was known for providing the kind of personal care, like writing letters home for soldiers, that comforted them and improved their psychological health. Her group of nurses transformed the hospital into a healthy environment within six months, and as a result, the death rate of patients fell from 40 to 2 percent 5.
In , Florence returned home a heroine. It was the soldiers in Crimea that initially named her the "Lady with the Lamp" because of the reassuring sight of her carrying around a lamp to check on the sick and wounded during the night, and the title remained with her 6. Thirty-four years to the date November 4, after she landed in Scutari for the Battle of Inkermann of the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale wrote a letter to her friend Thomas Gillham Hewlett remembering the heroic nature of soldiers.
Click here to view this letter. Upon her return from the Crimean War, she devoted the next few years to the Royal Commission investigating health in the British Army. Also, Nightingale's statistical data and analysis strongly influenced the commission's findings, which resulted in great public health advances in the British army 7.
During the war a public subscription fund was set up for Florence Nightingale to continue her education of nurses in England, and the Nightingale Training School at St.
She came from a wealthy background was born in Italy and named after the city of her birth. As she grew up, she decided that she wanted to help the sick and injured, and wanted to become a nurse. When Florence told her parents they were not happy as in their view, this was not a respectable profession.
Eventually, her father gave his permission for her to go to Germany to train in in a hospital in Kaiserwerth, Germany. When she returned she became the superintendent of a hospital for gentlewomen in Harley Street, London. When war broke out in the Crimea in , the government expected it to last several months, it actually lasted 2 years. They were not ready for how many soldiers would be injured, and this was one of the reasons why the hospitals were in such a bad state.
A reporter for the Times newspaper sent back several reports about the hospitals, and people in Britain started demanding something was done about them. This was when the Minister for War, Sidney Herbert, stepped in and asked Florence Nightingale to arrange and take charge of nurses to send to the war. To ensure that the wounded were kept clean and fed well, Florence Nightingale set up laundries to wash linen and clothing and kitchens to cook food.
This greatly improved the medical and sanitary arrangements at Scutari reduced the death rate. The work of Florence Nightingale and her nurses set the standards for modern day nursing. When all the medical officers have retired for the night, and silence and darkness have settled down upon these miles of prostrate sick, she may be observed alone, with a little lamp in her hand, making her solitary rounds.
Both had approached Nightingale to work in her hospital at Scutari, but Seacole was turned down, and Davis was one of a party who were sent to Scutari but was not wanted by Nightingale. Florence returned after the war as a national heroine.
She had been shocked by the conditions in the hospital and began to campaign to improve the quality of nursing in military hospitals. This helped with the setting up of the Army Medical College. She had important influence on campaigns to improve healthcare in the 19th and 20th centuries. Until her death, Nightingale encouraged the development in nursing in Britain and abroad. The main reason we remember her is that she did a lot of work educating people about the importance of keeping hospitals clean and free from infection, and this work is carried on today in modern hospitals.
However, Florence Nightingale should also be remembered for her skills as a statistician and because of this, she became the first female member of the Royal Statistical Society in She was able explain in diagram form that most of the deaths recorded in army hospitals came from disease, rather than from battle wounds and that disease could be controlled by good nutrition, ventilation, and shelter.
A simplified transcript is also supplied for Source 2 to be used as necessary. Pupils can work in pairs on the visual sources. An excellent source for more original documents to discuss with your pupils relating to Florence Nightingale are two National Archives blogs listed in the external links. National Curriculum Key stage 1 The lives of significant individuals in the past who have contributed to national and international achievements.
Newspapers began to report about the terrible state of medical care. The Secretary of War, Sidney Herbert asked Nightingale to manage a group of nurses that would go treat the wounded soldiers.
She agreed, and on November 4, , Nightingale and 38 nurses arrived at the British camp outside of Constantinople. When they got there, the doctors were unwelcoming because they did not want to work with female nurses.
However, as the number of patients increased, the doctors needed their help. The nurses brought supplies, nutritious food, cleanliness, and sanitation to the military hospital. They also provided individual care and support. The death rate went down from 40 percent to 2 percent because of their work. When Nightingale returned from the war, she continued to improve the conditions of hospitals.
She presented her experiences and her data to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in This data was the reason they formed a Royal Commission to improve the health of the British Army. Nightingale was so skilled with data and numbers that in she was also elected as the first woman member of the Royal Statistical Society.
In , Nightingale continued to spread her healthier medical practices by helping to set up the Army Medical College in Chatham. Her book gives advice on good patient care and safe hospital environments. In , for her contributions to army and hospital statistics Nightingale became the first woman to be elected to be a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society.
It was based around two principles. Firstly that the nurses should have practical training in hospitals specially organised for that purpose. The other was that the nurses should live in a home fit to form a moral life and discipline.
Due to the foundation of this school Nightingale had achieved the transformation of nursing from its disreputable past into a responsible and respectable career for women.
Nightingale responded to the British war office's request for advice on army medical care in Canada and was also a consultant to the United States government on army health during the American Civil War. For most of the remainder of her life Nightingale was bedridden due to an illness contracted in the Crimea, which prevented her from continuing her own work as a nurse.
This illness did not stop her, however, campaigning to improve health standards; she published books, reports and pamphlets. One of these publications was a book entitled Notes on Nursing This was the first textbook specifically for use in the teaching of nurses and was translated into many languages.
Nightingale's other published works included Notes on Hospitals and Notes on Nursing for the Labouring Classes Florence Nightingale deeply believed that her work had been her calling from God. Nightingale died on 13 August aged Nightingale never married, although this was not from lack of opportunity. She believed, however, that God had decided she was one whom he The Crimean Monument, erected in in Waterloo Place, London, was done so in honour of the contribution Florence Nightingale had made to this war and the health of the army.
References show. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Additional Resources show. Honours show.
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